For example, here’s what happens if we enter the number 2 into cell R14:Įxcel “loops” through this circular reference 100 times – per the settings in the screenshot above – to calculate the “answer,” which is 200 (since 100 * 2 = 200).Ī circular reference could be direct – as it is here, where the cell’s output directly flows into the cell’s input – or indirect.įor an example of an indirect circular reference, let’s say that Q14 = R14 + S14, and that S14 = Q14 + Q13:Ĭell S14 depends on what’s in Q14, but Q14 depends on what’s in S14. When this happens – when the input of a cell depends on its output – Excel gets “confused” about what to do, and it has to start using approximations to make the calculations. ![]() If that does not appear correctly for you in Excel, or you just get a simple error message, go to the Options menu (Alt, T, O on PC or ⌘ +, on Mac), Formulas, and make sure your settings look like this: ![]() We know the circular reference is there because the bottom-left part of the screen now reads “Calculate”: The input of Q14 depends on its output – what’s already there – which creates a circular reference. The contents of cell Q14 depend on the contents of cell R14 and… cell Q14. ![]() Read our Privacy Policy Circular Reference Excel: What Is It?Ī circular reference in Excel is a case where the input of a cell depends on the output of that same cell.
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